فصلنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
سال دهم شماره 36 (تابستان 1400)

Dark traits are associated with marital distress, but the mechanisms of this relationship have not been clarified yet. The current study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of rejection sensitivity in the association between dark traits and marital distress. 

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. All of the couples of Rasht city in the summer of 2019 were constituted the statistical population of this study. Two hundred people from this statistical population were selected randomly via multistage random sampling and participated in this study. The instruments of Marital Taxon Self-Report Measure, the Short Version of Dark Triad Personality Traits, and Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire-adults version were used for collecting data. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and path analysis using SPSS23 and LISREL8.8.

The results showed that the dark traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, and rejection sensitivity) have a positive and significant effect on marital distress. The results of the fitness indexes of the model also showed that rejection sensitivity can be mediated the relations between dark traits and marital distress.

The results of this study indicate that dark traits can be a risk factor for marital distress. Furthermore, they can affect marital distress indirectly via mediating rejection sensitivity. Therefore it is necessary to hold workshops to get acquainted with these personality traits. So people can make rational decisions before starting a relationship.

Social capital can influence social health so it is essential to consider their interaction for health promotion. Guidelines for applying social capital theory in social health promotion programs will help practitioners to intervene step by step and make sure that all components of social capital theory will consider in health promotion programs. This article presents the results of a study related to the development of intervention guidelines in local communities for social health promotion based on the social capital theory. 

To develop a guideline, first, a systematic review of social intervention studies in the field of social health and social capital between 2000-2018 was conducted, then, based on the review of studies, the draft of the guideline was prepared, and presented to focus group meetings. After receiving the opinions of experts and informed managers and selected experts and facilitators of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in three independent group meetings; the final guideline of the intervention was developed.

The developed intervention guideline includes: definitions of main concepts; specifications of intervention practitioners; target groups, establishing inter-sectoral coordination and justification of officials; evaluating and selecting a community, entering the community, social mobilization, forming local groups and steering committees, and justifying committee members, planning and implementing local projects, finding support and leave the community; following the process and continue the activities and provide the necessary consultations, and finally, the method of participatory documentation and reporting.

Social health promotion guidelines will be beneficial for applying in communities. Participation of community members especially vulnerable ones will be essential to improve social health. Practitioners and facilitators should use a community-based approach to exploit the guidelines. Social health promotion guidelines based on social capital theory highly recommend capacity building and utilizing the community assets. To study the effectiveness o

Suicide is one of the major issues that has attracted many researchers due to its psychological and socially destructive effects. The present study, entitled understanding context suicide attempts in relation to self-concept components, seeks to examine the categories that have been formed in the experience of suicide attempters.

This research is qualitative research with a phenomenological methodology, and the Grounded Theory approach is used to answer research questions. The information was collected using the participatory observation method and deep interview technique. Based on purposeful and theoretical sampling and with theoretical saturation standards, twenty suicidal attempters participated in the research.

This study showed four categories include, social exclusion/imposed isolation, ominous fatalism, imagined ugliness, and self-esteem instability. This research showed that suicide attempt is linked very close to negative self-concept. Conceived self-concept is influenced by family and environment experiences that have intensified in the anomic interactive environment.

The results showed that negative self-concept in people is one of the most important predictors of attitude towards high-risk behaviors. This self-concept in the availability of an inappropriate psychological and social context may lead to suicide.

Infidelity is one of the most pernicious interpersonal issues in the family, which in many cases could lead to emotional and behavioral symptoms in the person, particularly women who have been betrayed. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive distortion and rumination in couples engaged in marital infidelity.

This research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and control group. The sample included thirty couples engaged in marital infidelity. The control and the experimental group included fifteen couples in each. They were selected by the available sampling method. The data were collected by the Rumination Scales(Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991) and Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale(Hamamci & Buyukozturk, 2004). Then experiment group underwent eight sessions of ninety minutes weekly for one month, acceptance and commitment therapy; the control group didn’t receive any. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and MANCOVA.

The results showed acceptance and commitment therapy could significantly reduce cognitive distortion and rumination in couples engaged in marital infidelity.

Thus, acceptance and commitment therapy is an effective way of improving cognitive distortion and rumination in couples engaged in marital infidelity. So it can be used by counselors and therapists in family therapy.

This study was to investigate and compare the personality traits and cognitive distortions of people convicted of robbery, drugs, and financial crimes.

A descriptive causal comparison was performed among all prisoners of financial crimes, robbery, and drugs in Shirvan prison; in which two hundred forty male prisoners were selected voluntarily. Neo-five-factor questionnaire and interpersonal cognitive distortion scale were answered by the participants. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance by SPSS software. 

The results of data analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of personality traits and cognitive distortions of people convicted of robbery, drugs, and financial crimes.

Based on these findings, it is suggested that studies be conducted to prevent crime and non-criminal strategies and situational prevention and what facilitates criminal behavior. There is a need to pay special attention to the provision of psychological services, especially psychological training by prison psychologists to prisoners.

Adolescents with sensory impairment, in addition to regular problems of other adolescents, have problems related to their impairment, so this situation can affect the stress and mental health of parents, in particular, mothers. Regarding the role of mothers' psychological well-being in shaping the behavior and character of adolescents and their social relationships, the purpose of this study was to compare the components of psychological well-being among mothers of adolescents with and without sensory impairments.

The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all mothers who have an adolescent with and without sensory impairment of Shiraz in 2015. Ninety-one subjects including thirty-eight mothers that have an adolescent with sensory impairment were selected by convenience sampling method and fifty-three mothers that have an adolescent without sensory impairment were selected through multistage random sampling method. The Reef Psychological Wellbeing scale was used for measuring psychological wellbeing. MANOVA was used for data analysis by SPSS21.

The results showed that mothers that have an adolescent with sensory impairment in subscales of self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and autonomy were significantly lower than the mothers who have adolescents without sensory impairment.(P<0.001) But there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of personal growth.(P>0.05)

Considering the significant difference between mothers of adolescents with and without sensory impairment in most of the components of psychological well-being, it is suggested to design and implement the necessary interventions for improving the psychological well-being of mothers of adolescents with sensory impairment.